Tessera DB

PX-01

Capabilities

Nine modules, one database.

The data model, three query languages, search, graph data science, in-database ML, data management, security and the interfaces around them — each marked Community, Enterprise or Enterprise Plus, and compared both ways against the incumbents at the foot of the page.

Every capability, by module.

The foundation, in the Community tier except where marked: entities and role-typed hyperedges over content-addressed storage, with schema-on-write, ACID transactions, branching and bitemporal time-travel.

The record

Hyperedge-native

Entities

The things you store — a customer, an account, a shipment, a patient — each with a type you never declare up front and an open set of typed properties.

Hyperedges

A relationship connects any number of entities, each in a named role (payer, payee, instrument, approver). ‘Bank paid Vendor via Account’ is one hyperedge, not an invented middle node.

Schema-on-write

Types register on first use and property types are inferred from the data; read-only introspection shows the structure when governance needs it.

Content addressing

Every fact is identified by the BLAKE3 hash of its content, so identical data always gets the same identity. Deduplication, integrity checks and lineage follow, with no auto-increment IDs to manage.

Five dimensions

One record, five lenses

Relational

The record's properties, queried with SQL — filters, joins, aggregates, ORDER BY.

Graph

The record's endpoints, traversed with Cypher or TQL pattern matching.

Vector

Embeddings stored as property values and searched through an HNSW index.

Full-text

Text properties indexed for BM25 ranking as they are written.

Time-series

Valid-time and transaction-time intervals, read as ordered series and aggregated into buckets.

Time and change

Bitemporal

Bitemporal time-travel

Every fact carries valid time (when it was true) and transaction time (when the database learned it), so both reality and the system's knowledge can be reconstructed at any past point.

Git-style branching

Fork the whole dataset, change it in isolation, then commit, diff and merge. Branches are copy-on-write overlays, and neither side leaks into the other.

ACID transactions

Group writes so they all succeed or all fail, with isolation up to serializable. Conflicting transactions are detected and rejected.

In, and back

Ingest and recovery

Bulk import

A CSV or JSON file turned into connected facts in one request, choosing which columns become connections and which become properties.

Bulk COPY

A streaming path modelled on PostgreSQL's COPY: raw CSV in without buffering the whole file, so memory stays flat on multi-gigabyte loads.

Backup and point-in-time recovery — Enterprise

Consistent snapshots with a checksummed manifest, and write-ahead-log replay to just before a bad event. Snapshots are full, not incremental, and shipping them to cold storage is the operator's job; Tessera names the files to ship.

Three languages and every kind of search over one copy of the data. Community, except the graph-fused GraphRAG depth, which is Enterprise.

Query languages

Detected at parse time

SQL

Real SQL over tabular data — SELECT with filters and aggregation, INNER and LEFT JOIN, upserts, prepared statements, materialized views and triggers — so BI tools and ORMs need no new language.

Cypher

The declarative graph pattern language Neo4j uses. Tessera supports the common, widely used subset; teams that rely on advanced Cypher should check their queries before migrating.

TQL

Tessera's native language, built around role-typed hyperedges, with temporal, branch and confidence context — readable, and designed for language models to write.

EXPLAIN

The plan the optimiser will run — operations, index use, cost and row estimates — shown without executing the query.

Search

Semantic and exact

Vector search

Nearest-neighbour search over embeddings you supply, through an HNSW index with configurable M and ef.

Vector from text

Send plain text; the server embeds it with the model used on your data and returns the nearest records. Needs a configured embedding provider.

BM25 full-text

Language-aware tokenisation and BM25 ranking, searchable on insert — names, codes and exact phrases that semantic search misses. No Elasticsearch sidecar.

Range search

BETWEEN queries over a sorted B-tree index — amounts, timestamps, counts, scores — without a full scan.

Snippets and highlighting

Matched terms wrapped for display, or a short preview centred on the first match.

Hybrid and GraphRAG

Fused retrieval

Hybrid retrieval

Keyword and vector results fused with Reciprocal Rank Fusion, so records strong in either or both rise to the top, with no score normalisation.

Three signals

GraphRAG adds graph proximity — multi-hop neighbourhood expansion — to vector similarity and BM25 text relevance, each with a configurable weight. Enterprise.

Your model

Tessera does the retrieval and grounding and hands ranked context to the model you choose: OpenAI-compatible, Anthropic or local.

In-database pipeline

Document chunking with overlap, pluggable embedding providers and cosine similarity, without a separate retrieval service.

Enterprise. Graph algorithms and machine learning run inside the database, against the data already stored — no export pipeline.

Graph data science

60+ algorithms

Projections

A named, in-memory snapshot of the graph, filtered by type and directed or undirected. Build it once and run many analyses against it.

Centrality

PageRank, betweenness, closeness, degree and eigenvector — the accounts, people or assets that matter most, and the bottlenecks.

Community detection

Louvain, label propagation and weakly connected components, for hidden clusters, rings and disconnected islands.

Pathfinding

Dijkstra, BFS, A*, Yen's k-shortest paths and random walks — how value or influence can move from A to B.

Structure and spread

From graph shape

Similarity

Jaccard and cosine over neighbourhoods — nodes alike by the company they keep, the basis for recommendations and de-duplication.

Graph embeddings

FastRP and Node2Vec turn each node's structural position into a vector for search, clustering or downstream models.

Influence propagation

Independent Cascade and Linear Threshold diffusion from seed nodes, for contagion, cascading failure or rumour spread.

Structural link prediction

Common Neighbours, Jaccard, Adamic-Adar, Preferential Attachment and Katz score likely links from graph shape alone, with no training.

Machine learning

Trained in-database

Node classification

A fast logistic-regression baseline over node properties plus graph-structure signals.

GNN classification

A message-passing graph neural network, so an account is judged partly by the accounts it transacts with.

Link prediction

Logistic regression, random forest or gradient-boosted models trained on real edges and negative samples, reported with AUC-ROC.

GAN synthetic data

Synthetic numeric rows that follow the statistical shape of your data without copying real records, deterministic per seed.

Model operations

Evaluate and keep

Online learning

Streaming linear regression and streaming k-means that update as data arrives, without full retraining.

Model evaluation

AUC-ROC, accuracy, precision, recall, F1, specificity and a confusion matrix, for scores from any source.

Model catalogue

Every trained model with its name, type, version and training metrics, kept through restarts by atomic snapshots.

An honest limit

Accuracy depends on your data. Meaningful results need real, sufficiently large datasets.

Operating and governing one copy of the data. Stored logic and time-series are Community; lineage, connectors and synthetic data are Enterprise.

Stored logic

Community

Stored procedures

Named query templates in SQL, Cypher or TQL, called by name with safely quoted arguments. Every registration is versioned, with one-call rollback.

Materialized views

A query's result stored as a table, so expensive aggregations are cheap to serve; refreshed on demand.

Triggers

A stored procedure run before or after inserts, updates or deletes on a table. A BEFORE trigger can veto the write.

Time-series

Community

Time-series operations

Any set of facts treated as an ordered series: bucketing into windows, gap-filling, downsampling and anomaly detection over compressed storage.

Moving averages and rate of change

Computed over the bitemporal data already stored, with no replication into a separate time-series database.

Governance

Enterprise

Data lineage

Any record traced back to its sources and forward to everything derived from it, with root sources and a hop-stratified provenance graph.

Connectors

Register an external source and sync its rows in as facts across all five dimensions. PostgreSQL (foreign keys discovered as graph connections) and REST ship in version 1; MySQL, MongoDB, S3/Parquet and Kafka are on the roadmap.

Synthetic data templates

Banking, fraud-scenario, corporate-ownership, compliance and stress-test templates populate a fresh instance, deterministic per seed.

Authentication and RBAC ship in Community. AutoGuard, the audit log, SSO and encryption at rest are Enterprise; the banking pack is Enterprise Plus. AutoGuard runs inside the engine, so protection travels with the data rather than living in a gateway.

AutoGuard

8 layers · Enterprise

1 · Injection detection

Every query checked against a catalogue of known SQL and Cypher injection shapes, with case and comment normalisation, and logged or blocked before it executes. On by default.

2 · Behavioural anomaly scoring

A running risk score per account, from 0.0 (normal) to 1.0 (highly unusual), flagging unusual amounts, velocity, new counterparties and amounts parked just under reporting thresholds.

3 · Canary records

Honeypot records that reveal unauthorised exploration of the data.

4 · Adaptive query defence

Defences that tighten automatically as suspicious activity rises.

5 · Behavioural biometrics

Each session classified as AI or human from five scored indicators.

6 · Meta-detection

Attempts to probe or evade the detectors themselves, caught.

7 · Security-posture escalation

The engine raises its own guard level: green, yellow, orange, red.

8 · Ensemble blocker

A final decision layer that acts on the combined signal.

Testing and oversight

Enterprise

Red-team simulation

Attack your own defences on demand — enumeration, exfiltration, schema reconnaissance, timing inference, injection, privilege escalation, structuring — and get the detection rate and concrete recommendations.

Fraud cycle detection

Circular money movement (A → B → C → A) found in the transaction graph, every cycle up to a chosen length.

Monitoring and alerts

Risk scores, pattern matches and alerts as data flows, with on-demand compliance scans, acknowledgement and log management.

Access and audit

Community + Enterprise

API keys

Bearer keys bound to a named principal and roles. Open for a zero-config trial; registering the first key switches the server to closed mode. Community.

Role-based access control

Reader, writer, admin and auditor, with inheritance, enforced at the HTTP layer before any handler runs. Community.

Tamper-evident audit log

Append-only and BLAKE3-chained: altering, deleting or reordering a past entry breaks the chain and shows on verification. Enterprise.

Single sign-on

OpenID Connect (Okta, Auth0, Azure AD, Keycloak, Google) and SP-initiated SAML 2.0 with signed assertions (ADFS, Okta, OneLogin, Ping, Azure AD), mapping identity-provider roles onto Tessera roles. Enterprise.

Encryption at rest

Opt-in, layer-by-layer AES-256-GCM over the audit log and storage layers. The reader detects encrypted and plaintext data, so it turns on without a migration. Enterprise.

Fail-closed licensing

Signed keys decide the tier. A missing, malformed, expired or wrongly signed key falls back to Community rather than unlocking anything.

Banking pack

Enterprise Plus

Sanctions screening

Names screened against the lists you load, with normalisation, alias checks and fuzzy matching, returning confidence scores and a blocking signal. No bundled lists and no list fetcher.

AML alerts

Structuring, layering and high-velocity typologies raised as a triage-ready queue — typology, severity, account, score — for case-management tooling.

Regulatory classification

Fields auto-classified for PII sensitivity and applicable regulations, then mapped to the FIBO ontology and the BIAN service landscape.

Drive it from any language and watch it run. All Community.

Connect

Any language

REST and OpenAPI

Every capability as a JSON-over-HTTP endpoint, described by an OpenAPI 3.0.3 spec compiled into the binary, so it always matches the running version.

PostgreSQL wire protocol

psql, Postgres JDBC and ODBC drivers, and BI tools such as Tableau, Metabase, DBeaver and Grafana connect and run SQL as if Tessera were Postgres.

JDBC driver

A pure-Java Type-4 driver — one JAR, no native libraries — on a jdbc:tessera:// URL.

SDKs

Typed Python, Rust and TypeScript clients for query, SQL, insert and hybrid search.

Operate

Built in

Admin dashboard

A web console bundled into the binary: query editor, schema browser, interactive graph visualisation, live stats, and views for time-series and vector data.

CLI and REPL

Embedded mode opens a database on local disk with no server; remote mode connects to a running one. The quick start is tessera serve --demo.

Observability

Counters, gauges and histograms in Prometheus and OpenTelemetry (OTLP) formats, for Grafana, Datadog, Honeycomb or any OTLP backend.

Rate limiting

Per-principal and global gates. A noisy caller gets HTTP 429 and exhausts only its own budget.

Diagnostics

Read-only health, storage and query-performance endpoints over HTTP.

The admin portal, screen by screen.

11 SCREENS · CLICKTAP TO ENLARGE

Tessera DB

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Dashboard

The database at a glance: records, types, writes, queries and branches.

See how many hyperedges and types the store holds, and how many writes and queries it has served.

Check health, storage mode and the active branch.

Load demo data, run a query or explore the graph from the quick actions.

Where Tessera leads.

Capability

Tessera

Neo4j

TigerGraph

Dgraph

Note

Hyperedge (N-ary) relationships

Yes

No

No

No

One fact links any number of entities, each in a named role.

Five dimensions in one engine

Yes

No

No

No

Relational, graph, vector, full-text and time-series over one copy.

SQL tables alongside the graph

Yes

No

No

No

Built-in vector search (HNSW)

Yes

Yes

No

No

Neo4j added it in 5.x; in Tessera it is fused with graph and text.

Hybrid retrieval (vector + text + graph)

Yes

No

No

No

One query fuses all three with Reciprocal Rank Fusion.

Cypher, TQL and SQL

Yes

Partial

Partial

No

60+ graph algorithms

Yes

Paid add-on

Partial

No

Neo4j's Graph Data Science library is a paid add-on. In Tessera it is part of Enterprise.

In-database ML (GNN, GAN, link prediction)

Yes

Partial

No

No

Trained where the data lives, no export pipeline. Enterprise in Tessera.

Bitemporal (valid + transaction time)

Yes

Partial

No

No

Both axes native; elsewhere it takes manual timestamp scaffolding.

Git-style data branching

Yes

No

No

No

Built-in time-series

Yes

No

No

No

Native data lineage

Yes

No

No

No

Enterprise in Tessera.

Content-addressed identity (BLAKE3)

Yes

No

No

No

8-layer AI defence (AutoGuard)

Yes

No

No

No

Enterprise in Tessera.

Fraud, AML and sanctions pack

Yes

No

No

No

FIBO + BIAN, fraud-cycle detection, AML alerts, screening against your lists. Enterprise and Enterprise Plus.

Tamper-evident, hash-chained audit log

Yes

Partial

Partial

No

PostgreSQL wire protocol

Yes

No

No

No

psql, Postgres drivers and BI tools with no Tessera-specific code.

Single native binary (no JVM)

Yes

No

Partial

Partial

Starts in seconds and runs on your own hardware.

Apache 2.0 open-source core

Yes

Partial

No

Yes

Neo4j Community is GPLv3; Enterprise is closed.

Yes: shipped today. Partial: the building blocks exist but not yet at that level, or it is on the roadmap. Paid add-on: a separate product.

Where the incumbents lead, and where Tessera is.

Capability

Tessera

Neo4j

TigerGraph

Dgraph

Note

Production-proven HA clustering

Partial

Yes

Yes

Yes

Neo4j has mature causal clustering and failover. Tessera ships the building blocks (Raft consensus), not battle-tested multi-node HA at scale.

Very large graphs (billions of edges)

Partial

Yes

Yes

Partial

Tessera is strongest on one well-provisioned node; the largest multi-node scales belong to the incumbents.

Cypher completeness

Partial

Yes

No

No

Neo4j's is the reference implementation; Tessera supports the common, widely used subset.

Managed cloud with a free tier

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

Tessera is self-hosted by design: you run the binary on your own hardware.

SSO (SAML 2.0 and OIDC)

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Both ship in Tessera Enterprise.

Official client drivers and JDBC

Yes

Yes

Yes

Partial

Python, Rust and TypeScript SDKs and a JDBC driver.

Prometheus and OpenTelemetry observability

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Polished visual graph explorer

Partial

Yes

Yes

Partial

Tessera ships a functional admin console; Neo4j Bloom and Browser are more refined.

15+ year ecosystem — books, courses, certification

No

Yes

Partial

Partial

The biggest practical gap, and it will persist.

Yes: shipped today. Partial: the building blocks exist but not yet at that level, or it is on the roadmap.

Head to head, both directions.

Against

Where Tessera is ahead

Where they are ahead today

Neo4j

Hyperedges instead of binary edges. 60+ algorithms and in-database ML built in rather than a paid add-on (both Enterprise in Tessera). Vector search fused with graph and keywords in one query. Native bitemporal history, branching and lineage. SQL tables and time-series in the same engine. AutoGuard and a fraud, AML and compliance pack. An Apache 2.0 core, where Neo4j Community is GPLv3 and Enterprise is closed.

A generally available managed cloud (AuraDB). Production-proven causal clustering, read replicas and failover at scale. Complete Cypher. Heavy optimisation for billion-edge graphs. A far larger ecosystem — drivers in many languages, books, courses, certification, and tooling such as Bloom and Browser. A decade of production track record.

Snowflake

Graph, vector, full-text and time-series beside SQL, where Snowflake needs auxiliary tools. Hyperedges and graph algorithms, where Snowflake has joins. Bitemporal history, branching and lineage. AutoGuard and the compliance pack. Fully self-hosted and air-gapped operation, for data that legally cannot leave the building.

Analytical performance at petabyte scale with a mature managed cloud. A large marketplace, deep BI integration and years of production hardening. A broad set of compliance certifications, where Tessera's certification story is early. Elastic, usage-based pricing with compute and storage separated.

Pinecone

Multi-model, where Pinecone stores vectors and metadata only. Graph traversal and vector search in one query, fused with keywords. ACID transactions and bitemporal versioning, so you can ask what your embeddings looked like a month ago. Self-hosted deployment, where Pinecone is cloud-only. AutoGuard over the whole retrieval pipeline, with every retrieved fact traceable.

A managed service that scales to very large vector counts automatically, proven across many customers; horizontal sharding of Tessera's vector index is on the roadmap. Managed embedding integrations, where Tessera has you bring your own embedder. A cloud SLA with multi-zone replication. First-class LlamaIndex, LangChain and Haystack examples, where Tessera's framework adapters are still growing.

TigerGraph

Three query languages against proprietary GSQL alone. Native vector search and hybrid retrieval. An Apache 2.0 core against closed source with opaque enterprise pricing. Content-addressed identity and bitemporal semantics on every fact. AutoGuard, GraphRAG and a banking and compliance pack.

A massively parallel architecture validated at very large scale on real customer workloads. GSQL, refined over many years and expressive for deep traversals once learned. A production track record at large enterprises, with mature drivers and adapters.

Dgraph

Three query languages and 60+ algorithms, where Dgraph is GraphQL/DQL only with none built in. Vector search and hybrid retrieval. Hyperedges, where Dgraph needs RDF-style reification. Bitemporal history, branching, lineage, in-database ML and a fraud and compliance pack.

An auto-generated GraphQL API, the right primitive for a team that is already GraphQL-first. Distributed by design, sharded and replicated from day one. A lightweight per-node footprint that is easy to embed.

Use Tessera when you need several of these dimensions in one engine with the defence built in. Use Neo4j, Snowflake or Pinecone when you need only one of them and value the maturity of a pure-play incumbent. Snowflake is a different category — analytical SQL at very large scale — so compare on the use case, not feature for feature.

Tessera DB is in beta.