Tessera DB
PX-01
Capabilities
Nine modules, one database.
The data model, three query languages, search, graph data science, in-database ML, data management, security and the interfaces around them — each marked Community, Enterprise or Enterprise Plus, and compared both ways against the incumbents at the foot of the page.
Every capability, by module.
The foundation, in the Community tier except where marked: entities and role-typed hyperedges over content-addressed storage, with schema-on-write, ACID transactions, branching and bitemporal time-travel.
The record
Hyperedge-native
Entities
The things you store — a customer, an account, a shipment, a patient — each with a type you never declare up front and an open set of typed properties.
Hyperedges
A relationship connects any number of entities, each in a named role (payer, payee, instrument, approver). ‘Bank paid Vendor via Account’ is one hyperedge, not an invented middle node.
Schema-on-write
Types register on first use and property types are inferred from the data; read-only introspection shows the structure when governance needs it.
Content addressing
Every fact is identified by the BLAKE3 hash of its content, so identical data always gets the same identity. Deduplication, integrity checks and lineage follow, with no auto-increment IDs to manage.
Five dimensions
One record, five lenses
Relational
The record's properties, queried with SQL — filters, joins, aggregates, ORDER BY.
Graph
The record's endpoints, traversed with Cypher or TQL pattern matching.
Vector
Embeddings stored as property values and searched through an HNSW index.
Full-text
Text properties indexed for BM25 ranking as they are written.
Time-series
Valid-time and transaction-time intervals, read as ordered series and aggregated into buckets.
Time and change
Bitemporal
Bitemporal time-travel
Every fact carries valid time (when it was true) and transaction time (when the database learned it), so both reality and the system's knowledge can be reconstructed at any past point.
Git-style branching
Fork the whole dataset, change it in isolation, then commit, diff and merge. Branches are copy-on-write overlays, and neither side leaks into the other.
ACID transactions
Group writes so they all succeed or all fail, with isolation up to serializable. Conflicting transactions are detected and rejected.
In, and back
Ingest and recovery
Bulk import
A CSV or JSON file turned into connected facts in one request, choosing which columns become connections and which become properties.
Bulk COPY
A streaming path modelled on PostgreSQL's COPY: raw CSV in without buffering the whole file, so memory stays flat on multi-gigabyte loads.
Backup and point-in-time recovery — Enterprise
Consistent snapshots with a checksummed manifest, and write-ahead-log replay to just before a bad event. Snapshots are full, not incremental, and shipping them to cold storage is the operator's job; Tessera names the files to ship.
Three languages and every kind of search over one copy of the data. Community, except the graph-fused GraphRAG depth, which is Enterprise.
Query languages
Detected at parse time
SQL
Real SQL over tabular data — SELECT with filters and aggregation, INNER and LEFT JOIN, upserts, prepared statements, materialized views and triggers — so BI tools and ORMs need no new language.
Cypher
The declarative graph pattern language Neo4j uses. Tessera supports the common, widely used subset; teams that rely on advanced Cypher should check their queries before migrating.
TQL
Tessera's native language, built around role-typed hyperedges, with temporal, branch and confidence context — readable, and designed for language models to write.
EXPLAIN
The plan the optimiser will run — operations, index use, cost and row estimates — shown without executing the query.
Search
Semantic and exact
Vector search
Nearest-neighbour search over embeddings you supply, through an HNSW index with configurable M and ef.
Vector from text
Send plain text; the server embeds it with the model used on your data and returns the nearest records. Needs a configured embedding provider.
BM25 full-text
Language-aware tokenisation and BM25 ranking, searchable on insert — names, codes and exact phrases that semantic search misses. No Elasticsearch sidecar.
Range search
BETWEEN queries over a sorted B-tree index — amounts, timestamps, counts, scores — without a full scan.
Snippets and highlighting
Matched terms wrapped for display, or a short preview centred on the first match.
Hybrid and GraphRAG
Fused retrieval
Hybrid retrieval
Keyword and vector results fused with Reciprocal Rank Fusion, so records strong in either or both rise to the top, with no score normalisation.
Three signals
GraphRAG adds graph proximity — multi-hop neighbourhood expansion — to vector similarity and BM25 text relevance, each with a configurable weight. Enterprise.
Your model
Tessera does the retrieval and grounding and hands ranked context to the model you choose: OpenAI-compatible, Anthropic or local.
In-database pipeline
Document chunking with overlap, pluggable embedding providers and cosine similarity, without a separate retrieval service.
Enterprise. Graph algorithms and machine learning run inside the database, against the data already stored — no export pipeline.
Graph data science
60+ algorithms
Projections
A named, in-memory snapshot of the graph, filtered by type and directed or undirected. Build it once and run many analyses against it.
Centrality
PageRank, betweenness, closeness, degree and eigenvector — the accounts, people or assets that matter most, and the bottlenecks.
Community detection
Louvain, label propagation and weakly connected components, for hidden clusters, rings and disconnected islands.
Pathfinding
Dijkstra, BFS, A*, Yen's k-shortest paths and random walks — how value or influence can move from A to B.
Structure and spread
From graph shape
Similarity
Jaccard and cosine over neighbourhoods — nodes alike by the company they keep, the basis for recommendations and de-duplication.
Graph embeddings
FastRP and Node2Vec turn each node's structural position into a vector for search, clustering or downstream models.
Influence propagation
Independent Cascade and Linear Threshold diffusion from seed nodes, for contagion, cascading failure or rumour spread.
Structural link prediction
Common Neighbours, Jaccard, Adamic-Adar, Preferential Attachment and Katz score likely links from graph shape alone, with no training.
Machine learning
Trained in-database
Node classification
A fast logistic-regression baseline over node properties plus graph-structure signals.
GNN classification
A message-passing graph neural network, so an account is judged partly by the accounts it transacts with.
Link prediction
Logistic regression, random forest or gradient-boosted models trained on real edges and negative samples, reported with AUC-ROC.
GAN synthetic data
Synthetic numeric rows that follow the statistical shape of your data without copying real records, deterministic per seed.
Model operations
Evaluate and keep
Online learning
Streaming linear regression and streaming k-means that update as data arrives, without full retraining.
Model evaluation
AUC-ROC, accuracy, precision, recall, F1, specificity and a confusion matrix, for scores from any source.
Model catalogue
Every trained model with its name, type, version and training metrics, kept through restarts by atomic snapshots.
An honest limit
Accuracy depends on your data. Meaningful results need real, sufficiently large datasets.
Operating and governing one copy of the data. Stored logic and time-series are Community; lineage, connectors and synthetic data are Enterprise.
Stored logic
Community
Stored procedures
Named query templates in SQL, Cypher or TQL, called by name with safely quoted arguments. Every registration is versioned, with one-call rollback.
Materialized views
A query's result stored as a table, so expensive aggregations are cheap to serve; refreshed on demand.
Triggers
A stored procedure run before or after inserts, updates or deletes on a table. A BEFORE trigger can veto the write.
Time-series
Community
Time-series operations
Any set of facts treated as an ordered series: bucketing into windows, gap-filling, downsampling and anomaly detection over compressed storage.
Moving averages and rate of change
Computed over the bitemporal data already stored, with no replication into a separate time-series database.
Governance
Enterprise
Data lineage
Any record traced back to its sources and forward to everything derived from it, with root sources and a hop-stratified provenance graph.
Connectors
Register an external source and sync its rows in as facts across all five dimensions. PostgreSQL (foreign keys discovered as graph connections) and REST ship in version 1; MySQL, MongoDB, S3/Parquet and Kafka are on the roadmap.
Synthetic data templates
Banking, fraud-scenario, corporate-ownership, compliance and stress-test templates populate a fresh instance, deterministic per seed.
Authentication and RBAC ship in Community. AutoGuard, the audit log, SSO and encryption at rest are Enterprise; the banking pack is Enterprise Plus. AutoGuard runs inside the engine, so protection travels with the data rather than living in a gateway.
AutoGuard
8 layers · Enterprise
1 · Injection detection
Every query checked against a catalogue of known SQL and Cypher injection shapes, with case and comment normalisation, and logged or blocked before it executes. On by default.
2 · Behavioural anomaly scoring
A running risk score per account, from 0.0 (normal) to 1.0 (highly unusual), flagging unusual amounts, velocity, new counterparties and amounts parked just under reporting thresholds.
3 · Canary records
Honeypot records that reveal unauthorised exploration of the data.
4 · Adaptive query defence
Defences that tighten automatically as suspicious activity rises.
5 · Behavioural biometrics
Each session classified as AI or human from five scored indicators.
6 · Meta-detection
Attempts to probe or evade the detectors themselves, caught.
7 · Security-posture escalation
The engine raises its own guard level: green, yellow, orange, red.
8 · Ensemble blocker
A final decision layer that acts on the combined signal.
Testing and oversight
Enterprise
Red-team simulation
Attack your own defences on demand — enumeration, exfiltration, schema reconnaissance, timing inference, injection, privilege escalation, structuring — and get the detection rate and concrete recommendations.
Fraud cycle detection
Circular money movement (A → B → C → A) found in the transaction graph, every cycle up to a chosen length.
Monitoring and alerts
Risk scores, pattern matches and alerts as data flows, with on-demand compliance scans, acknowledgement and log management.
Access and audit
Community + Enterprise
API keys
Bearer keys bound to a named principal and roles. Open for a zero-config trial; registering the first key switches the server to closed mode. Community.
Role-based access control
Reader, writer, admin and auditor, with inheritance, enforced at the HTTP layer before any handler runs. Community.
Tamper-evident audit log
Append-only and BLAKE3-chained: altering, deleting or reordering a past entry breaks the chain and shows on verification. Enterprise.
Single sign-on
OpenID Connect (Okta, Auth0, Azure AD, Keycloak, Google) and SP-initiated SAML 2.0 with signed assertions (ADFS, Okta, OneLogin, Ping, Azure AD), mapping identity-provider roles onto Tessera roles. Enterprise.
Encryption at rest
Opt-in, layer-by-layer AES-256-GCM over the audit log and storage layers. The reader detects encrypted and plaintext data, so it turns on without a migration. Enterprise.
Fail-closed licensing
Signed keys decide the tier. A missing, malformed, expired or wrongly signed key falls back to Community rather than unlocking anything.
Banking pack
Enterprise Plus
Sanctions screening
Names screened against the lists you load, with normalisation, alias checks and fuzzy matching, returning confidence scores and a blocking signal. No bundled lists and no list fetcher.
AML alerts
Structuring, layering and high-velocity typologies raised as a triage-ready queue — typology, severity, account, score — for case-management tooling.
Regulatory classification
Fields auto-classified for PII sensitivity and applicable regulations, then mapped to the FIBO ontology and the BIAN service landscape.
Drive it from any language and watch it run. All Community.
Connect
Any language
REST and OpenAPI
Every capability as a JSON-over-HTTP endpoint, described by an OpenAPI 3.0.3 spec compiled into the binary, so it always matches the running version.
PostgreSQL wire protocol
psql, Postgres JDBC and ODBC drivers, and BI tools such as Tableau, Metabase, DBeaver and Grafana connect and run SQL as if Tessera were Postgres.
JDBC driver
A pure-Java Type-4 driver — one JAR, no native libraries — on a jdbc:tessera:// URL.
SDKs
Typed Python, Rust and TypeScript clients for query, SQL, insert and hybrid search.
Operate
Built in
Admin dashboard
A web console bundled into the binary: query editor, schema browser, interactive graph visualisation, live stats, and views for time-series and vector data.
CLI and REPL
Embedded mode opens a database on local disk with no server; remote mode connects to a running one. The quick start is tessera serve --demo.
Observability
Counters, gauges and histograms in Prometheus and OpenTelemetry (OTLP) formats, for Grafana, Datadog, Honeycomb or any OTLP backend.
Rate limiting
Per-principal and global gates. A noisy caller gets HTTP 429 and exhausts only its own budget.
Diagnostics
Read-only health, storage and query-performance endpoints over HTTP.
The admin portal, screen by screen.
11 SCREENS · CLICKTAP TO ENLARGE
Tessera DB
01 / 11
01
Dashboard
The database at a glance: records, types, writes, queries and branches.
See how many hyperedges and types the store holds, and how many writes and queries it has served.
Check health, storage mode and the active branch.
Load demo data, run a query or explore the graph from the quick actions.
Where Tessera leads.
Capability | Tessera | Neo4j | TigerGraph | Dgraph | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hyperedge (N-ary) relationships | Yes | No | No | No | One fact links any number of entities, each in a named role. |
Five dimensions in one engine | Yes | No | No | No | Relational, graph, vector, full-text and time-series over one copy. |
SQL tables alongside the graph | Yes | No | No | No | |
Built-in vector search (HNSW) | Yes | Yes | No | No | Neo4j added it in 5.x; in Tessera it is fused with graph and text. |
Hybrid retrieval (vector + text + graph) | Yes | No | No | No | One query fuses all three with Reciprocal Rank Fusion. |
Cypher, TQL and SQL | Yes | Partial | Partial | No | |
60+ graph algorithms | Yes | Paid add-on | Partial | No | Neo4j's Graph Data Science library is a paid add-on. In Tessera it is part of Enterprise. |
In-database ML (GNN, GAN, link prediction) | Yes | Partial | No | No | Trained where the data lives, no export pipeline. Enterprise in Tessera. |
Bitemporal (valid + transaction time) | Yes | Partial | No | No | Both axes native; elsewhere it takes manual timestamp scaffolding. |
Git-style data branching | Yes | No | No | No | |
Built-in time-series | Yes | No | No | No | |
Native data lineage | Yes | No | No | No | Enterprise in Tessera. |
Content-addressed identity (BLAKE3) | Yes | No | No | No | |
8-layer AI defence (AutoGuard) | Yes | No | No | No | Enterprise in Tessera. |
Fraud, AML and sanctions pack | Yes | No | No | No | FIBO + BIAN, fraud-cycle detection, AML alerts, screening against your lists. Enterprise and Enterprise Plus. |
Tamper-evident, hash-chained audit log | Yes | Partial | Partial | No | |
PostgreSQL wire protocol | Yes | No | No | No | psql, Postgres drivers and BI tools with no Tessera-specific code. |
Single native binary (no JVM) | Yes | No | Partial | Partial | Starts in seconds and runs on your own hardware. |
Apache 2.0 open-source core | Yes | Partial | No | Yes | Neo4j Community is GPLv3; Enterprise is closed. |
Yes: shipped today. Partial: the building blocks exist but not yet at that level, or it is on the roadmap. Paid add-on: a separate product.
Where the incumbents lead, and where Tessera is.
Capability | Tessera | Neo4j | TigerGraph | Dgraph | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Production-proven HA clustering | Partial | Yes | Yes | Yes | Neo4j has mature causal clustering and failover. Tessera ships the building blocks (Raft consensus), not battle-tested multi-node HA at scale. |
Very large graphs (billions of edges) | Partial | Yes | Yes | Partial | Tessera is strongest on one well-provisioned node; the largest multi-node scales belong to the incumbents. |
Cypher completeness | Partial | Yes | No | No | Neo4j's is the reference implementation; Tessera supports the common, widely used subset. |
Managed cloud with a free tier | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Tessera is self-hosted by design: you run the binary on your own hardware. |
SSO (SAML 2.0 and OIDC) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Both ship in Tessera Enterprise. |
Official client drivers and JDBC | Yes | Yes | Yes | Partial | Python, Rust and TypeScript SDKs and a JDBC driver. |
Prometheus and OpenTelemetry observability | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
Polished visual graph explorer | Partial | Yes | Yes | Partial | Tessera ships a functional admin console; Neo4j Bloom and Browser are more refined. |
15+ year ecosystem — books, courses, certification | No | Yes | Partial | Partial | The biggest practical gap, and it will persist. |
Yes: shipped today. Partial: the building blocks exist but not yet at that level, or it is on the roadmap.
Head to head, both directions.
Against | Where Tessera is ahead | Where they are ahead today |
|---|---|---|
Neo4j | Hyperedges instead of binary edges. 60+ algorithms and in-database ML built in rather than a paid add-on (both Enterprise in Tessera). Vector search fused with graph and keywords in one query. Native bitemporal history, branching and lineage. SQL tables and time-series in the same engine. AutoGuard and a fraud, AML and compliance pack. An Apache 2.0 core, where Neo4j Community is GPLv3 and Enterprise is closed. | A generally available managed cloud (AuraDB). Production-proven causal clustering, read replicas and failover at scale. Complete Cypher. Heavy optimisation for billion-edge graphs. A far larger ecosystem — drivers in many languages, books, courses, certification, and tooling such as Bloom and Browser. A decade of production track record. |
Snowflake | Graph, vector, full-text and time-series beside SQL, where Snowflake needs auxiliary tools. Hyperedges and graph algorithms, where Snowflake has joins. Bitemporal history, branching and lineage. AutoGuard and the compliance pack. Fully self-hosted and air-gapped operation, for data that legally cannot leave the building. | Analytical performance at petabyte scale with a mature managed cloud. A large marketplace, deep BI integration and years of production hardening. A broad set of compliance certifications, where Tessera's certification story is early. Elastic, usage-based pricing with compute and storage separated. |
Pinecone | Multi-model, where Pinecone stores vectors and metadata only. Graph traversal and vector search in one query, fused with keywords. ACID transactions and bitemporal versioning, so you can ask what your embeddings looked like a month ago. Self-hosted deployment, where Pinecone is cloud-only. AutoGuard over the whole retrieval pipeline, with every retrieved fact traceable. | A managed service that scales to very large vector counts automatically, proven across many customers; horizontal sharding of Tessera's vector index is on the roadmap. Managed embedding integrations, where Tessera has you bring your own embedder. A cloud SLA with multi-zone replication. First-class LlamaIndex, LangChain and Haystack examples, where Tessera's framework adapters are still growing. |
TigerGraph | Three query languages against proprietary GSQL alone. Native vector search and hybrid retrieval. An Apache 2.0 core against closed source with opaque enterprise pricing. Content-addressed identity and bitemporal semantics on every fact. AutoGuard, GraphRAG and a banking and compliance pack. | A massively parallel architecture validated at very large scale on real customer workloads. GSQL, refined over many years and expressive for deep traversals once learned. A production track record at large enterprises, with mature drivers and adapters. |
Dgraph | Three query languages and 60+ algorithms, where Dgraph is GraphQL/DQL only with none built in. Vector search and hybrid retrieval. Hyperedges, where Dgraph needs RDF-style reification. Bitemporal history, branching, lineage, in-database ML and a fraud and compliance pack. | An auto-generated GraphQL API, the right primitive for a team that is already GraphQL-first. Distributed by design, sharded and replicated from day one. A lightweight per-node footprint that is easy to embed. |
Use Tessera when you need several of these dimensions in one engine with the defence built in. Use Neo4j, Snowflake or Pinecone when you need only one of them and value the maturity of a pure-play incumbent. Snowflake is a different category — analytical SQL at very large scale — so compare on the use case, not feature for feature.
